THE WORD OF THE DOCTOR
Dr. Raffaele Contini, adjunct professor at the University Hospital San Raffaele in Milan. Consultant Physician PMS
Magnetic therapy is the use of pulsed magnetic fields in the low frequency,or the use of complex high-frequency electromagnetic emissions,with purpose 'of medical care.
The electromagnetic waves at low frequency are between 5 and 100 hertz.Le electromagnetic waves in most 'high frequency are higher 1 mega-hertz.Le former are issued by a solenoid,the second from antenne.Si is always of relatively low frequency and with intensity 'variable from 20 a 40 Gauss.
The low-frequency pulsed magnetic fields are produced artificially by "tools" that generate an electromagnetic electromagnetic field of low intensity 'and frequency.
Electromagnetic emissions are already 'naturally occurring,such as electromagnetism Earth ( with an intensity 'within the range of 0.5 Gauss ) on which is based the compass,le Lunar phase,le maree,The biological effects of seasonal changes in climate.
Studied up from 'antiquity' and applied empirically to the 1500 dc, electromagnetic waves that we consider are those so-called non-ionizing.
Electromagnetic waves are divided into ionizing and non-ionizing.
The non-ionizing electromagnetic waves,used in magnetic, have a frequency and an intensity 'much more' low.
It is waves that do not directly interact with matter,are not absorbed by the organs and biological tissues,but exert an influence on the bio-physical tissues.
The non-ionizing electromagnetic waves are between 10 MHZ ( megahertz ) and 300 GHZ ( gigahertz ) ,with a wavelength of between 0.3 and 10.000 meters per second;in this range are including the radio frequencies used in radio communications and television,the radar and medical applications physiotherapy ( radar,Ultrasound,Magnet ).
The electromagnetic waves are used in physical therapy rehabilitation with analgesic effects, nell'osteoporsi,in inflammatory diseases,rebalancing in neuro-immune-endocrine ( according to the modern scientific and medical-biological approach to the metabolic processes and integrated regulatory,defined by PNEI : psycho-neuro-endocrine-immunology ).
In 1934, an American doctor of NewYork dr.Abraham Ginsberg,studying the applications of radio waves, with the help of a physical dr. A.S. Mlinowski, elaborate 'a way to make the button electro-magnetic energy ( the presence of longer intervals between 'pulses,allows the heat loss and limits the side effects due to the heating of tissues ).
In subsequent years,il dr. Ginsberg patent 'and promoted the spread of instruments for magnetic high frequency. Subsequently,German authors ,from German biologist Leusden ,ulteriorormente studies have developed in the direction of even the low-frequency,attracting international interest.
Al 1957 go back to the first applications,successfully, sull'osteoporsi by Yasuda and Fukuda .
MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF MAGNETIC
Both in the scientific literature,that the clinical evidence,,shows that the MAGNETOTHERAPY expressed succinctly FOUR BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS ,with four mechanisms of action :
a ) cellular and subcellular ( cytochromes and mitochondria )
b) and interstitial tissue
c) Ring road
d ) bioumorale
a) The mechanism consists in the CELL,amply demonstrated,electromagnetism on the membrane cellulare.Ogni cell in our body is equipped with three layers of semipermeable,with a cape and lipoprotein "channels" of passage for trade between the inside and the outside of the cell stessa.L'equilibrio "electric" is guaranteed by the ions sodium and potassium intra-and extracellular ( sodium-potassium pump ).
When the cell ( and with it the tissues and organs that are composed of more 'cells ) undergoes a depolarization,alters the balance ionico.Pertanto,effect of traumatic events, mechanical, physical or chemical occurs a potential lesion with edema formation and activation of mediators of inflammation substances.
Magnetic therapy works ripolarizzando cell structures,reducing edema and the chain of inflammatory events.
In essence all the pathologies,both acute and chronic,may take advantage of the beneficial effect of magnetic.
b) The mechanism consists in the interstitial,scientifically proven,that electromagnetic waves biologically act at the level of the protein molecules present in the connective tissue ( and then throughout the body ).Collagen is the protein structure affected by 'biophysical and biological effect of collagen magnetoterapia.Il,formed by special proteins such as proline and hydroxyproline,constitutes the 9% of our whole body.
The proteins in collagen between the cells behave like elementary magnets.
These proteins have properties' piezoelectric and behave like liquid crystals that transform a physical energy into electrochemical events
When proteins are urged by a magnetic field, start a micrometric rotation,returning to the original position when the field is interrupted.
TISSUE The effect is expressed against the concentration of oxygen in the tissues;In fact, the hemoglobin,ferromagnetica,is activated in the offices of therapeutic application magnetoterapica,through the recall of magnetic fields, similar effect to hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
c) The mechanism TANGENZIALE consists in the effect on bone tissue of the electromagnetic waves.
Studies on e gli Yasuda Fukuda,dating back to 1957, and Bassett 1962, are leading the way to the use of magnetic therapy in bone lesions by trauma or by reducing the calcium content.
In fact, exploiting the piezoelectric effect or mechanical-vibration of electromagnetic waves on the surface of the bone,you get a stimulation of cells that produce bone tissue ( osteoblasts )
and greater activated 'of bone resorption by the "osteoclasts",by direct effects on collagen fibers.
This will accelerate the formation of callus, favoring all the reparative effects in case of fractures.
Normally a fracture heals in a lapse of time comprised between two and four months,Depending on the scale 'of the damage fratturativo.In some cases, the consolidation of a fracture, with the formation of a callus valid, can also take place in six months;This happens in the case of SEVERE TRAUMA when trauma fracture is accompanied by crushing of other tissues,cuteneo and muscle eg, with concomitant infections; when the traumatized subject and 'the immunocompromised (with few defenses) or is suffering from Diabetes;when the trauma occurs in eta''avanzata and the subject e''OSTEOPOROTICO.
In these cases, some important SCIENTIFIC,published in international medical literature,have demonstrated the effectiveness of magnetic therapy in recent fractures of the tibia
( Fontanesi 1986 ),in nonunion of the tibia ( Sharrad 1990 with a double-- blind ),femoral fractures in recent ( Betti 1997 with a double-blind ).
Thanks to these experiments,magnetic therapy has been ON THE NHS NATIONAL ITALIAN NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE,Therefore, treatments were delivered magneto also in hospitals and inpatient and outpatient facilities accreditate.Dallo last year,and only for economic reasons Saving,magnetic therapy is not more 'reimbursed by the NHS.
Regarding the OSTEOPOROSIS,the positive effect of magnetic therapy on OSTEOBLASTS has been shown by X. Zhang, J. Zhang, X. QU Wen J., in a recent paper published in the international journal Elecromag. Biol. With. In 2007, a laboratory study in vivo,which confirms the effectiveness of magnetic therapy in the treatment of osteoporosis for long time.
With the use of magnetic therapy for a long time you get a positive effect on osteoporosis,favoring the reconstruction of bone tissue and reducing the loss of calcium.
d) The effect of BIO-HUMORAL is in direct action of electromagnetic waves on complex neuro-endocrine-immunologico.E 'the same system that is stimulated by the use of another therapy "natural" as the Acupuncture.
There is evidence that changes in energy induced by low-frequency electromagnetic fields act directly on both the endorphin system( with positive effects on pain perception ),both the endocrine glandular system.
The action on the chemical mediators of the transmission hormone,the chemical mediators of inflammation and neuro-transmitters,always acting on cells and proteins,is responsible for the therapeutic effects of Magnetic.
The rebalancing nervous,the induction of a sleep more 'physiological,a greater hormonal balance even in the eta 'critical,greater control of pain perception threshold with innalzamente,all events are biologically positive due to the magneto-.
In essence,magnetic therapy is a therapeutic tool that performs a very large share of a plurality 'of situations para-physiological or pathological frankly they have in common :pain,inflammation,the functional deficit.
Magnetic therapy is used in the orthopedic and rheumatologic disease, first, in the consolidation of fractures and osteoporosis; in dermatological diseases and angiology;in all cases of inflammation and edema; in the balance of autonomic function, in the recovery of chronic lesions in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, in the rehabilitation,magnetic pulses with controlled,bladder and sexual function in radical prostatectomies and in bladder rehabilitation .
Tested in numerous applications,pleasing to patients as non-invasive and easy applicability ',is considered one of the physical therapy and rehabilitation that will take more and more 'importance in medicine and medical biologica.Le new frontiers are more and more' geared towards Physical medicine and biotechnology ,rather than in a repetition of a medicine "chemistry" and "classic pharmacology".
The Magnetic,therapy as "natural",should not be confused with proposals more 'or less esoteric,lack of scientific evidence and not evidence-based clinical-sperimentali.Puo 'also be applied in combination with other therapeutic proposals,come the agopuntura or omeopatia,that have official recognition in many reality 'international and presenting suggestive similarities with the mechanisms of action of the magnetic ( are ongoing scientific observations in this regard ).However ,the magneto find their place within mainstream medicine and academic.
APPLICATIONS
According to international scientific literature (see references attachments),the series of treatments includes :
Degenerative joint disease ( arthrosis ) and inflammatory (arthritis,acute articular rheumatism,rheumatoid arthritis)
Periarthritis ( scapolo-omerale ),Tendiniti,Epicondiliti
Delayed union of fractures and their complications ( pseudoartrosi )
Pesudoartrosi congenital
Bone grafts
Lumbar vertebral arthrodesis.
Osteroporosi
Avascular bone necrosis.
Prevention of infection in hip replacements
Osteotomie femorali
Collagen diseases and articular cartilage
Muscle-tendon injuries
Post-herpetic neuralgia
Post-traumatic edema and post-surgical
Hematoma
Peripheral edema from venous insufficiency
Rehabilitation from prostatectomy bladder and spinal cord injury
Recovery of chronic lesions in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy
Rebalancing of the sleep-wake rhythm
Achieving a balance in the autonomic nervous psychosomatic manifestations , psycho-neuro-endocrine and immunological.
Non-ablative skin rejuvenation,cellulite.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Absolute contraindications for use are represented by cases on the subject is the bearer of peace-maker,metal implants valvular or vascular,of prosthesis equipped with electrical circuits, during pregnancy and in eta 'pediatric.
Relative contraindications and precautions concerning the old ferromagnetic implants hip or knee. (Before thirty years ago)
The prostheses of the latest generation ( for example titanium )not pose problems both in diagnostics, it 'much less during magnetotherapy.
In the latter case,in order to further precautionary,it is appropriate for the application magnetorapica not performed directly on the anatomical region headquarters of the prosthesis;although in the surgical field-oprtopedico recent experiences implemented in the last few years,are to demonstrate even a direct therapeutic effect on the same anatomical regions offices of the prosthesis in the post-intervention ,in order to consolidate the prosthesis itself and help prevent infection ( This is obviously selected cases ,as in the case of subjects with immune deficiencies or diabetes ).
At last,the long-term use of electromagnetic pulses to even more 'low intensity' and frequency,as occurs in the treatment of osteoporosis,is not limited by the presence of prosthesis.
APPENDIX TECHNICAL INSTRUMENTAL
The tools for the emission of electromagnetic waves at low frequency and low intensity ',are constituted by one stage oscillator which delivers a square wave,with oscillation frequency between 5 and 100Hertz.Lo stage oscillator is controlled by a timer,to program the duration of the application,which controls the electrical pulse in the solenoid used to give origin to a field magnetico.Il solenoid is a coil formed by a threadlike conductor coils dense on a tubular support with straight axis;the support consists of a core,open or closed,of ferromagnetic material:it is an electromagnet that creates a field elettrico.L'applicazione occurs through emitter plate with double polarity 'to be applied on the body surface to be treated.
The polarity 'positive or NORD should be placed directly on the area to be treated.
The magnetic high frequency or radio-frequency and low intensity ',is based on the emission of radio waves at frequencies between 18 and 900 MHZ.Lo stage oscillator generates square wave frequency between the 10 ed i 30 MHZ. Exploiting the principle of the slips of frequencies and the presence of significant harmonic frequencies,at the end of the stimulus will find an enhanced signal that can 'reach 900 MHZ ( usually in portable equipment using a standard frequency equal to 20 MHZ ):The application is done through "antennae" that convey the stimulus on the body surface being processed.
The therapeutic effects of the two types of emissions are largely sovrapponibili.Si highlights,from clinical experience,increased use of low frequencies for the acute form with the presence of edema and inflammation;pathologies so-called "wet" being rich in water avail themselves of the effect magneto low frequency for their particular ability 'of interaction with the liquid medium,as the water behaves as a "dipole" natural magnetic.
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